Numbers

1. Nol, bir, iki, üç, dört

   Nol, bir, i-ki, üç, dört

   0, 1, 2, 3, 4

   Usage

   Basic Turkmen numbers 0 to 4

   Grammar Note

   Turkmen numbers are shared across Turkic languages. "Bir," "iki," "üç" are nearly identical in other Turkic languages.

2. Bäş, alty, ýedi, sekiz, dokuz

   Bäş, al-ty, ýe-di, se-kiz, do-kuz

   5, 6, 7, 8, 9

   Usage

   Turkmen numbers 5 to 9

   Grammar Note

   "Bäş" (5) uses "ä," a front open vowel. Turkmen Latin script includes special letters: ä, ö, ü, ý, ň, ž, ç, ş.

3. On, ýigrimi, otuz, kyrk, elli

   On, ýig-ri-mi, o-tuz, kyrk, el-li

   10, 20, 30, 40, 50

   Usage

   Turkmen tens: 10 to 50

   Grammar Note

   Teens are formed as "on bir" (11), "on iki" (12), etc. — simply "ten + ones digit."

4. Altmyş, ýetmiş, segsen, togsan, ýüz

   Alt-myş, ýet-miş, seg-sen, tog-san, ýüz

   60, 70, 80, 90, 100

   Usage

   Turkmen numbers 60 to 100

   Grammar Note

   "Altmyş" (60) contains "alty" (6); "ýetmiş" (70) contains "ýedi" (7). Turkic decimal number formation.

5. Müň, on müň, ýüz müň, million

   Müň, on müň, ýüz müň, mil-li-on

   1,000; 10,000; 100,000; 1,000,000

   Usage

   Large numbers used for prices, populations, etc.

   Grammar Note

   Turkmen has no single word for 10,000, using "on müň" (ten-thousand) instead. "Million" is an international loanword.

6. Birinji, ikinji, üçünji

   Bi-rin-ji, i-kin-ji, ü-çün-ji

   First, second, third

   Usage

   For expressing order: "first room," "second floor," etc.

   Grammar Note

   Ordinals are formed by adding "-nji/-ünji" to the cardinal number, following vowel harmony.

7. Sagat näçe?

   Sa-gat nä-çe?

   What time is it?

   Usage

   Checking the time

   Grammar Note

   "Sagat bir" (1 o'clock), "sagat iki" (2 o'clock). "Sagat" comes from Arabic "sāʿa" (hour).

8. Bir ýarym sagat

   Bir ýa-rym sa-gat

   One and a half hours

   Usage

   Expressing duration or travel time

   Grammar Note

   "Ýarym" (half) is common in Turkic languages, placed after the number: "bir ýarym" = 1.5.

9. Näçinji gün?

   Nä-çin-ji gün?

   What day of the month is it?

   Usage

   Checking the date

   Grammar Note

   "Näçe" + ordinal suffix "-inji" = "which ordinal?" Response: "Birinji gün" (1st), "Ikinji gün" (2nd), etc.

10. Iki sany gerek

    I-ki sa-ny ge-rek

    I need two of them

    Usage

    Specifying quantity when ordering or purchasing

    Grammar Note

    "Sany" is a general counter/classifier like English "piece(s)." Used as "iki sany" (two pieces), "üç sany" (three pieces).

11. Ýüz elli manat

    Ýüz el-li ma-nat

    150 manat

    Usage

    Stating a price

    Grammar Note

    Compound numbers in Turkmen are formed as "larger + smaller": "Ýüz elli" = 100 + 50 = 150.

12. Men ýigrimi ýedi ýaşymda

    Men ýig-ri-mi ýe-di ýa-şym-da

    I'm 27 years old

    Usage

    How to answer "Ýaşyňyz näçe?" (how old are you?). Swap the number for any other age.

    Grammar Note

    "Ýaş" (age) + first-person possessive "-ym" + locative "-da" = "I am N years old"; in speech the sentence ends here without a copula. Compound numbers run "larger + smaller".

13. Bu ýyl men ýigrimi sekiz ýaşyma ýetýärin

    Bu ýyl men ýig-ri-mi se-kiz ýa-şy-ma ýet-ýä-rin

    I turn 28 this year

    Usage

    Used in the year your age changes. "Ýaşyna ýetmek" (to reach the age of …) is the set phrase for turning an age. "Bu ýyl" means "this year".

    Grammar Note

    "Ýetmek" (to reach) governs the dative, so the goal is "ýaş" + first-person possessive "-ym" + dative "-a" = "ýaşyma". The ending "-ýär" + "-in" is the first-person singular present, also used for near-future plans.

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