Cooking & Markets

1. Bu nahar nähili taýýarlanýar?

   How is this dish prepared?

   Usage

   When asking how a dish is prepared

   Grammar Note

   "Taýýarla-" (to prepare) in passive form "taýýarlan-" + present tense suffix "-ýar."

2. Haýsy önümler gerek?

   What ingredients are needed?

   Usage

   When asking about recipe ingredients

   Grammar Note

   "Gerek" (necessary/needed) is a Persian loanword used as a predicate adjective. "Haýsy" means "which / what kind of" and "önümler" is the plural of "önüm" (product / produce), so it asks about several ingredients.

3. Etden taýýarlanýar

   It is made from meat

   Usage

   When explaining the main ingredient of a dish

   Grammar Note

   Ablative suffix "-den/-dan" expresses material or origin. "Et" (meat) + "-den" = from meat.

4. Palaw nädip bişirilýär?

   How is plov cooked?

   Usage

   When asking how to cook plov (Central Asian rice dish)

   Grammar Note

   "Bişir-" (to cook) in passive form "bişiril-" + present suffix. Plov is the iconic ceremonial dish of Turkmen culture.

5. Bişirmegi öwretip bilersiňizmi?

   Can you teach me to cook?

   Usage

   When wanting to learn to cook

   Grammar Note

   "Öwret-" (to teach) is the causative of "öwren-" (to learn). Converb "-ip" connects to "bil-" (can).

6. Bu nahary bişirmek üçin näçe wagt gerek?

   How long does it take to cook this dish?

   Usage

   When asking about cooking time

   Grammar Note

   "Üçin" is a postposition meaning "for/in order to." "Näçe wagt" (how much time) asks for a duration.

7. Bu nahar gaty mazaly

   This dish is very tasty

   Usage

   When complimenting a dish

   Grammar Note

   "Maza" (taste/pleasure) + adjectival suffix "-ly" = tasty. "Gaty" is an intensifying adverb.

8. Çaý içmäge çagyrýaryn

   I invite you for tea

   Usage

   Traditional invitation to share tea

   Grammar Note

   Tea is a symbol of Turkmen hospitality. "Çagyr-" (to invite) + present first person "-ýaryn."

9. Duz gerekmi?

   Do you need salt?

   Usage

   When asking about seasoning while cooking

   Grammar Note

   "Gerek" (necessary) + question suffix "-mi" = "is [it] needed?" Very concise question structure.

10. Nahary bişirip gutardym

    I finished cooking the meal

    Usage

    When announcing that the meal is ready

    Grammar Note

    "Gutar-" (to finish) in past first person: "gutardym." Converb "bişirip" (cooking) + "gutar-" = finished cooking.

11. Duz

    Salt

    Usage

    For asking for seasoning or checking ingredients

12. Şeker

    Sugar

    Usage

    For asking for seasoning or checking ingredients

13. Gara burç

    Black pepper

    Usage

    For asking for seasoning or checking ingredients

14. Ýag

    Oil

    Usage

    For checking how a dish is cooked

15. Sirke

    Vinegar

    Usage

    For checking seasoning or ingredients

16. Bal

    Honey

    Usage

    Point at it to order or to check ingredients

17. Sarymsak

    Garlic

    Usage

    Also useful for avoiding an ingredient

18. Sogan

    Onion

    Usage

    Also useful for avoiding an ingredient

19. Ajy burç

    Chili pepper

    Usage

    Point at it to add or avoid heat

20. Kinza

    Coriander

    Usage

    Often disliked; also useful for asking to leave it out

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